Viewed from a vantage point far away in the direction j this scene looks like the picture above. We see only the i and k components of the force and the rod. Notice that the vector i or the positive x-axis is pointing upward and vector k or the positive z-axis is pointing to the right. Thus it looks as if the force represented by the vector (w, u) is acting on the end of the rod represented by the vector (c, a) and thus the torque is