Advanced Mountain Environments
Quick Quiz Answers


NIH image (True/False)

T 1. The "eyedropper" tool can select a specific color from the LUT.

T 2. The "eyedropper" tool can determine the RGB value of a specific pixel on the image you are working with.

F 3. To get the information window to move to the front of the image you select Options from the menu bar.

F 4. You can use gif images for data manipulation in NIH image.

T 5. NIH image gives accurate measurements of images after calibration.

F 6. A Plot Profile gives you a line graph of X and Y values.

F 7. The units of choice for Plot Profiles or other measurements are atomatically loaded with the image.

F 8. TIFF images or PICT images from the internet must be converted before you can use them in NIH image.

T 9. Images are visualizations of numerical data.

T 10. You can generate a Plot Profile by using the "line" tool or by double clicking on the "line graph" tool.

T 11. You must have an accurate distance measurement of the image to calibrate the image.

F 12. To make an animation the images do not have to be the same size.

T 13. To make animations you first have to convert Windows to Stack on the menu bar.

F 14. Once you make an annimation you cannot reset the speed.

T 15. The individual pixel values are from 0 to 255.

T 16. On a Plot Profile, you must match your maximum Y value to the maximum RGB value on the image to get a meaningful profile.



How Far Is It? (short essay)

1.  Which is listed first on the site to determine the distance, longitude or latitude?
            Latitude

2.  How do you make marks on the map of points that you have found the distances between?
            Click on "see these points"

3.  How do you keep the image from being enlarged each time you click on it?
            Click on "no enlargement on selection"
 



Cryosphere (multiple choice)

1. Cryosphere comes from the Greek word kryos meaning:

a) frost
b) cold
c) chilly
d) frigid

feedback
a) correct,
b) in the same ballpark but not the Greek meaning,
c) in the same ballpark but not the Greek meaning
d) in the same ballpark but not the Greek meaning.

2. Which states make up the area drained by the Columbia river?

a) Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico
b) Idaho, Washington, Montana, Oregon, Wyoming
c) California, Oregon, Neveda, New Mexico, Arizona
d) Idaho, Utah, Montana, Wyoming

feedback
a) not part of the drainage,some of these areas drian to the south,
b) correct,
c) these areas drian to the south, not the west,
d) not enough states, and one of these states is drained by the Colorado River

3. Which month, in the Columbia river drainage basin, had the greatest snow water equivalent?
a) April
b) January
c) February
d) March

feedback
a) most of the snow has melted,
b) correct,
c) although there was a lot of snow in Feb. it still was not as much as other months,
d) snow water has peaked before this time.

4. From the months of snow water equivalent images, on which major river would March snow melt cause flooding?

a) Columbia
b) Missouri
c) Colorado
d) all rivers

feedback
a) correct,
b) most of the snow water equivalent for this month was contained in the northwestern Rockies
c) most of the snow water equivalent for this month was contained in the northwestern Rockies
d) most of the snow water equivalent for this month was contained in the northwestern Rockies



Rock Type (multiple choice)

1. Which type of rock appears most often on the top of ridges in these western states?

a) igneous (granitic)
b) metamorphic (gneisses)
c) conglomerate
d) sedimentary (limestone)

feedback
a) correct,
b) these rocks are usually found in canyons where erosion exposes them,
c) this type of sedimentary rock is usually non resistant to erosion,
d) forms ridges in the west but the sheer volume of granitic rock eliminates this one

2. Which type of rock appears most often in the valleys of these western states?

a) igneous (granitic)
b) sedimentary (mudstone)
c) conglomerate
d) metamorphic (gneisses)

feedback
a) too resistant to form large valleys as a general rule,
b) correct,
c) although this rock type is not noted for its resistance to weathering and erosion it is not widespread enough to be a major valley former,
d) too resistant to form large valleys as a general rule.

3. What generally accounts for mountain formation in these western states?

a) rock type
b) uplift
c) volcanism
d) all of the above

feedback
a) rock type plays an important factor in the relief of an area but it is not enough all by itself to account for mountain terrane in this area,
b) tectonic activity shapes the region as well, however, it alone cannot account for the relief in the area,
c) volcanism is a powerful terrane shaper, but it does not account for the relief in this area all by itself,
d) correct

4. What types of rock can be found making up steep terrane in these western states?
a) sedimentary
b) any rock type can make steep terrane
c) metamorphic (gneiss)
d) igneous (granite)

feedback
a) this rock type can form steep terrane under the right conditions,
b) correct,
c) this rock type can form steep terrane under the right conditions,
d) this rock type can form steep terrane under the right conditions.

5. Where are the rock types: shale, slate, or mudstone usually located on the Plot Profiles?

a) usually in high places
b) usually in low places
c) randomly, there is no pattern
d) the sides of canyons

feedback
a) not resistant enough to form high places over time,
b) correct,
c) there is a pattern if you study the profiles carefully; {less resistant lower landforms},
d) this can happen, but usually they erode quite rapidly and no longer form the "sides" of a canyon

6. What could account for a non-resistant rock forming a topographic high?

a) uplift of resistant rock
b) lateral displacement
c) ancient volcanism
d) down dropping of resistant rock

feedback
a) the question deals with "non-resistant" rock,
b) lateral moves from side to side not in a vertical manner,
c) if the volcanic activity were ancient then it would have to be resistant rock to still form a toporraphic high,
d) correct



Vegetative Index (multiple choice)

1. The Vegetative Index is:

a) what type of plant cover exists in a specific region
b) the amount of vegetation on the ground
c) the percent of bare ground in an area
d)the measure of possible soil erosion in an area

feedback
a)Vegetative Index tells the amount of vegetation cover not the type of plant matter,
b) correct,
c) although bare ground would be observable, vegetation is what is measured,
d) although areas with low vegetation cover would be suseptable to erosion, Vegetative Index measures the amount of vegetation

2. The Vegetative Index is computed using:

a) a single satellite image
b) using two satellite images multiplied together
c) the difference between visible light and infrared heat images
d) the difference between radio wave and gamma ray images

feedback
a) it takes the difference of two images to compute the vegetative index,
b) it is the difference between two images that makes the vegetative index, not the product of two images,
c) correct
d) although the vegetative index is the difference between wavelengths, these wavelengths are too long (radio) and too short (gamma rays)

3. The darker spots in the channel 1 image are most likely produced by:

a) plants occurring naturally
b) water from the rivers
c) population areas
d) plants responding to irrigation

feedback
a) while the darker spots indicate more chlorophyll which indicates more plants those plants are there as a direct response to water availability,
b)water does appear dark, however the darker spots are from the prescence of chlorophyll,
c) population areas are in these locations as well, however the dark spots are caused by chlorophyll in plants,
d) correct

4. When you combine the two images in NIH image (by dividing the difference between channel 2 and channel 1 by the sum of channel 2 and channel 1) you see the:

a) Normalized Difference Vegetative Index
b) Natural Defracted Vegetation Indice
c) Neutral Departmentalized Vegetation Index
d) Normal Deferred Vegetable Inference

feedback
a) correct,
b) although the acronym is the same this has no meaning for this activity,
c) although the acronym is the same this has no meaning for this activity,
d) although the acronym is the same this has no meaning for this activity.



Birds (multiple choice)

For the Great Blue Heron; use the printouts of: Percent Change per Year map, the Distribution map, and the Time Series graph to answer the following questions:

1. The number of states with areas in which no Great Blue Herons were counted totals:

a) 0
b) 5
c) 9
d) 12

feedback
a) from the map all states have at least one area where Great Blue Herons were sighted,
b) from the map this is not enough areas,
c) correct,
d) from the map this is too many areas.

2. The greatest percent change on the map of percent change is:

a) + or - 1.5%
b) + or - 2.5%
c) + or - 4%
d) greater than + or - 1.5%

feedback
a) from the map legend this reading is too narrow, the signs show greater or less than,
b) from the map legend this reading is too small,
c) from the map legend, this reading is too large,
d) correct

3. From the Time Series graph, what year had the lowest count of Great Blue Herons?

a) 78
b) 66
c)94
d) 82

feedback
a) this year shows a slight improvement over 66,
b) correct,
c) this year had the greatest number of Great Blue Herons,
d) start of an even greater rate of increase.

4. Using the same graph as in question 3., what year saw the start of the greatest change (steepest slope)?

a) 94
b) 74
c) 86
d) 82

feedback
a) the slope has not changed noticably here,
b) the slope is flatter, not as dramatic an increase,
c) this year is part of the improving picture but not when it first started,
d) correct

5. Using your knowledge of history, what event took place in the 60’s that probably helped increase the numbers of Great Blue Herons?

a) ban on hunting Great Blue Herons
b) ban on use of DDT
c) ban on wet land eradication
d) ban on sale of Great Blue Herons

feedback
a) event took place before the 1960’s,
b) correct,
c) wetlands can still be eradicated,
d) event took place before the 1960’s



Essay Questions

Essay Questions Key